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CNSP Test Lab Questions & Valid CNSP Exam Discount
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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q26-Q31):
NEW QUESTION # 26
What user account is required to create a Golden Ticket in Active Directory?
- A. Domain User account
- B. Local User account
- C. KRBTGT account
- D. Service account
Answer: C
Explanation:
A Golden Ticket is a forged Kerberos Ticket-Granting Ticket (TGT) in Active Directory (AD), granting an attacker unrestricted access to domain resources by impersonating any user (e.g., with Domain Admin privileges). Kerberos, per RFC 4120, relies on the KRBTGT account-a built-in service account on every domain controller-to encrypt and sign TGTs. To forge a Golden Ticket, an attacker needs:
The KRBTGT password hash (NTLM or Kerberos key), typically extracted from a domain controller's memory using tools like Mimikatz.
Additional domain details (e.g., SID, domain name).
Process:
Compromise a domain controller (e.g., via privilege escalation).
Extract the KRBTGT hash (e.g., lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt).
Forge a TGT with arbitrary privileges using the hash (e.g., Mimikatz's kerberos::golden command).
The KRBTGT account itself isn't "used" to create the ticket; its hash is the key ingredient. Unlike legitimate TGTs issued by the KDC, a Golden Ticket bypasses authentication checks, persisting until the KRBTGT password is reset (a rare event in most environments). CNSP likely highlights this as a high-severity AD attack vector.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . Local User account: Local accounts are machine-specific, lack domain privileges, and can't access the KRBTGT hash stored on domain controllers.
B . Domain User account: A standard user has no inherent access to domain controller credentials or the KRBTGT hash without escalation.
C . Service account: While service accounts may have elevated privileges, they don't automatically provide the KRBTGT hash unless compromised to domain admin level-still insufficient without targeting KRBTGT specifically.
Real-World Context: The 2014 Sony Pictures hack leveraged Golden Tickets, emphasizing the need for KRBTGT hash rotation post-breach (a complex remediation step).
NEW QUESTION # 27
What is the response from a closed TCP port which is behind a firewall?
- A. RST and an ACK packet
- B. A FIN and an ACK packet
- C. No response
- D. A SYN and an ACK packet
Answer: C
Explanation:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) to establish connections, as per RFC 793. When a client sends a SYN packet to a port:
Open Port: The server responds with SYN-ACK.
Closed Port (no firewall): The server sends an RST (Reset) packet, often with ACK, to terminate the attempt immediately.
However, when a firewall is present, its configuration dictates the response. Modern firewalls typically operate in stealth mode, using a "drop" rule for closed ports rather than a "reject" rule:
Drop: Silently discards the packet without replying, resulting in no response. The client experiences a timeout (e.g., 30 seconds), as no feedback is provided.
Reject: Sends an RST or ICMP "Port Unreachable," but this is less common for security reasons, as it confirms the firewall's presence.
For a closed TCP port behind a firewall, "no response" (drop) is the standard behavior in secure configurations, minimizing information leakage to attackers. This aligns with CNSP's focus on firewall best practices to obscure network topology during port scanning (e.g., with Nmap).
Why other options are incorrect:
A . A FIN and an ACK packet: FIN-ACK is used to close an established TCP connection gracefully (e.g., after data transfer), not to respond to an initial SYN on a closed port.
B . RST and an ACK packet: RST-ACK is the host's response to a closed port without a firewall. A firewall's drop rule overrides this by silently discarding the packet.
C . A SYN and an ACK packet: SYN-ACK indicates an open port accepting a connection, the opposite of a closed port scenario.
Real-World Context: Tools like Nmap interpret "no response" as "filtered" (firewall likely present) vs. "closed" (RST received), aiding in firewall detection.
NEW QUESTION # 28
The Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of object groups that is managed by which service?
- A. NTP
- B. SNMP
- C. TACACS
- D. SMTP
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Management Information Base (MIB) is a structured database defining manageable objects (e.g., CPU usage, interface status) in a network device. It's part of the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) framework, per RFC 1157, used for monitoring and managing network devices (e.g., routers, switches).
SNMP Mechanics:
MIB Structure: Hierarchical, with Object Identifiers (OIDs) like 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 (sysDescr).
Ports: UDP 161 (agent), 162 (traps).
Operation: Agents expose MIB data; managers (e.g., Nagios) query it via GET/SET commands.
MIB files (e.g., IF-MIB, HOST-RESOURCES-MIB) are vendor-specific or standardized, parsed by SNMP tools (e.g., snmpwalk). CNSP likely covers SNMP for network monitoring and securing it against enumeration (e.g., weak community strings like "public").
Why other options are incorrect:
A . SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Email delivery (TCP 25), unrelated to MIB or device management.
C . NTP (Network Time Protocol): Time synchronization (UDP 123), not MIB-related.
D . TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System): Authentication/authorization (TCP 49), not MIB management.
Real-World Context: SNMP misconfiguration led to the 2018 Cisco switch exploits via exposed MIB data.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following services use TCP protocol?
- A. NTP
- B. SNMP
- C. HTTP
- D. IKE
Answer: C
Explanation:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable, ordered data delivery via a connection-oriented handshake, contrasting with UDP's lightweight, connectionless approach. Analyzing each service:
C . HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Uses TCP (port 80) for web traffic. TCP's reliability ensures HTML, images, etc., arrive intact. HTTPS (TCP 443) extends this with TLS. RFC 2616 mandates TCP.
A . SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Defaults to UDP (port 161) for monitoring devices. UDP's speed suits its lightweight queries, though TCP variants exist (rarely used).
B . NTP (Network Time Protocol): Uses UDP (port 123) per RFC 5905. UDP minimizes latency for time sync, tolerating occasional packet loss.
D . IKE (Internet Key Exchange): Part of IPsec, uses UDP (port 500) per RFC 7296. UDP suits its negotiation phase; TCP isn't standard.
Security Implications: TCP services like HTTP are more prone to state-based attacks (e.g., SYN floods) than UDP counterparts. CNSP likely contrasts TCP vs. UDP in protocol analysis.
Why other options are incorrect:
A, B, D: All default to UDP for efficiency, not TCP's reliability.
Real-World Context: Firewalls prioritize TCP 80/443 rules for HTTP/HTTPS, while UDP 123 is opened for NTP servers.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which built-in Windows utility can be used to verify the validity of a Kerberos ticket?
- A. Kerbtray
- B. Netsh
- C. Klist
- D. Kerberos Manager
Answer: C
Explanation:
Kerberos is the default authentication protocol in Windows Active Directory environments, and tickets are used to prove identity. Verifying ticket validity involves checking their status, expiration, and attributes, which requires a built-in tool available in modern Windows systems.
Why A is correct: Klist is a command-line utility included in Windows (since Vista/2008) that lists cached Kerberos tickets and their details, such as validity period and renewal status. CNSP recognizes it as the standard tool for Kerberos ticket management in security audits.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: Kerbtray is a graphical tool from the Windows Resource Kit, not a built-in utility, and is outdated.
C: Netsh manages network configurations, not Kerberos tickets.
D: "Kerberos Manager" is not a recognized built-in Windows utility; it's a fictitious name.
NEW QUESTION # 31
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